Deposit versus Key Money: Distinction and Rights

{"introduction":"Deposit and key money are often confused, but they differ fundamentally in legal terms. A deposit (Dutch Civil Code, Article 7:220) is a security sum for damages, refundable at the end of the tenancy. Key money is a one-time fee, not subject to the same regulations. Landlords may not use a deposit as a cover for key money.","problem":"Issue: Landlord withholds €200 for 'key costs' from the deposit without evidence.","solution":{"step1":"Demand a detailed settlement within 30 days of departure.","step2":"No response? File a claim with the subdistrict court, including 9% interest.","example":"A tenant in The Hague won her case; the court ordered the repayment of €180 because no invoice for key copies was provided.","tip":"Before departure, create a key handover protocol with photographs. This protects against unjustified withholdings and strengthens your position."}}